bitstream.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2016, Alliance for Open Media. All rights reserved
 *
 * This source code is subject to the terms of the BSD 2 Clause License and
 * the Alliance for Open Media Patent License 1.0. If the BSD 2 Clause License
 * was not distributed with this source code in the LICENSE file, you can
 * obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/software. If the Alliance for Open
 * Media Patent License 1.0 was not distributed with this source code in the
 * PATENTS file, you can obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/patent.
 */

#include <assert.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include "aom/aom_encoder.h"
#include "aom_dsp/bitwriter_buffer.h"
#include "aom_dsp/aom_dsp_common.h"
#include "aom_mem/aom_mem.h"
#include "aom_ports/mem_ops.h"
#include "aom_ports/system_state.h"
#if CONFIG_BITSTREAM_DEBUG
#include "aom_util/debug_util.h"
#endif  // CONFIG_BITSTREAM_DEBUG

#if CONFIG_CDEF
#include "av1/common/clpf.h"
#include "av1/common/dering.h"
#endif  // CONFIG_CDEF
#include "av1/common/entropy.h"
#include "av1/common/entropymode.h"
#include "av1/common/entropymv.h"
#include "av1/common/mvref_common.h"
#include "av1/common/odintrin.h"
#include "av1/common/pred_common.h"
#include "av1/common/reconinter.h"
#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
#include "av1/common/reconintra.h"
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
#include "av1/common/seg_common.h"
#include "av1/common/tile_common.h"

#if CONFIG_ANS
#include "aom_dsp/buf_ans.h"
#endif  // CONFIG_ANS
#include "av1/encoder/bitstream.h"
#include "av1/encoder/cost.h"
#include "av1/encoder/encodemv.h"
#include "av1/encoder/mcomp.h"
#include "av1/encoder/segmentation.h"
#include "av1/encoder/subexp.h"
#include "av1/encoder/tokenize.h"
#if CONFIG_PVQ
#include "av1/encoder/pvq_encoder.h"
#endif

static struct av1_token intra_mode_encodings[INTRA_MODES];
static struct av1_token switchable_interp_encodings[SWITCHABLE_FILTERS];
#if CONFIG_EXT_PARTITION_TYPES
static const struct av1_token ext_partition_encodings[EXT_PARTITION_TYPES] = {
  { 0, 1 },  { 4, 3 },  { 12, 4 }, { 7, 3 },
  { 10, 4 }, { 11, 4 }, { 26, 5 }, { 27, 5 }
};
#endif
static struct av1_token partition_encodings[PARTITION_TYPES];
#if !CONFIG_REF_MV
static struct av1_token inter_mode_encodings[INTER_MODES];
#endif
#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
static const struct av1_token
    inter_compound_mode_encodings[INTER_COMPOUND_MODES] = {
      { 2, 2 },  { 50, 6 }, { 51, 6 }, { 24, 5 }, { 52, 6 },
      { 53, 6 }, { 54, 6 }, { 55, 6 }, { 0, 1 },  { 7, 3 }
    };
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
#if CONFIG_PALETTE
static struct av1_token palette_size_encodings[PALETTE_SIZES];
static struct av1_token palette_color_index_encodings[PALETTE_SIZES]
                                                     [PALETTE_COLORS];
#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE
#if !CONFIG_EC_MULTISYMBOL
static const struct av1_token tx_size_encodings[MAX_TX_DEPTH][TX_SIZES] = {
  { { 0, 1 }, { 1, 1 } },                      // Max tx_size is 8X8
  { { 0, 1 }, { 2, 2 }, { 3, 2 } },            // Max tx_size is 16X16
  { { 0, 1 }, { 2, 2 }, { 6, 3 }, { 7, 3 } },  // Max tx_size is 32X32
#if CONFIG_TX64X64
  { { 0, 1 }, { 2, 2 }, { 6, 3 }, { 14, 4 }, { 15, 4 } },  // Max tx_size 64X64
#endif                                                     // CONFIG_TX64X64
};
#endif

#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA || CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA || CONFIG_PALETTE
static INLINE void write_uniform(aom_writer *w, int n, int v) {
  int l = get_unsigned_bits(n);
  int m = (1 << l) - n;
  if (l == 0) return;
  if (v < m) {
    aom_write_literal(w, v, l - 1);
  } else {
    aom_write_literal(w, m + ((v - m) >> 1), l - 1);
    aom_write_literal(w, (v - m) & 1, 1);
  }
}
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA || CONFIG_FILTER_INTRA || CONFIG_PALETTE

#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
static struct av1_token ext_tx_inter_encodings[EXT_TX_SETS_INTER][TX_TYPES];
static struct av1_token ext_tx_intra_encodings[EXT_TX_SETS_INTRA][TX_TYPES];
#else
static struct av1_token ext_tx_encodings[TX_TYPES];
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
static struct av1_token global_motion_types_encodings[GLOBAL_TRANS_TYPES];
#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
static struct av1_token intra_filter_encodings[INTRA_FILTERS];
#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
static struct av1_token interintra_mode_encodings[INTERINTRA_MODES];
static struct av1_token compound_type_encodings[COMPOUND_TYPES];
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
static struct av1_token motion_mode_encodings[MOTION_MODES];
#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
#if CONFIG_LOOP_RESTORATION
static struct av1_token switchable_restore_encodings[RESTORE_SWITCHABLE_TYPES];
#endif  // CONFIG_LOOP_RESTORATION
static void write_uncompressed_header(AV1_COMP *cpi,
                                      struct aom_write_bit_buffer *wb);
static uint32_t write_compressed_header(AV1_COMP *cpi, uint8_t *data);
static int remux_tiles(const AV1_COMMON *const cm, uint8_t *dst,
                       const uint32_t data_size, const uint32_t max_tile_size,
                       const uint32_t max_tile_col_size,
                       int *const tile_size_bytes,
                       int *const tile_col_size_bytes);

void av1_encode_token_init(void) {
#if CONFIG_EXT_TX || CONFIG_PALETTE
  int s;
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX || CONFIG_PALETTE
#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
  for (s = 1; s < EXT_TX_SETS_INTER; ++s) {
    av1_tokens_from_tree(ext_tx_inter_encodings[s], av1_ext_tx_inter_tree[s]);
  }
  for (s = 1; s < EXT_TX_SETS_INTRA; ++s) {
    av1_tokens_from_tree(ext_tx_intra_encodings[s], av1_ext_tx_intra_tree[s]);
  }
#else
  av1_tokens_from_tree(ext_tx_encodings, av1_ext_tx_tree);
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
  av1_tokens_from_tree(intra_mode_encodings, av1_intra_mode_tree);
  av1_tokens_from_tree(switchable_interp_encodings, av1_switchable_interp_tree);
  av1_tokens_from_tree(partition_encodings, av1_partition_tree);
#if !CONFIG_REF_MV
  av1_tokens_from_tree(inter_mode_encodings, av1_inter_mode_tree);
#endif

#if CONFIG_PALETTE
  av1_tokens_from_tree(palette_size_encodings, av1_palette_size_tree);
  for (s = 0; s < PALETTE_SIZES; ++s) {
    av1_tokens_from_tree(palette_color_index_encodings[s],
                         av1_palette_color_index_tree[s]);
  }
#endif  // CONFIG_PALETTE

#if CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
#if CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
  av1_tokens_from_tree(intra_filter_encodings, av1_intra_filter_tree);
#endif  // CONFIG_INTRA_INTERP
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTRA
#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
  av1_tokens_from_tree(interintra_mode_encodings, av1_interintra_mode_tree);
  av1_tokens_from_tree(compound_type_encodings, av1_compound_type_tree);
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
  av1_tokens_from_tree(motion_mode_encodings, av1_motion_mode_tree);
#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
#if CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
  av1_tokens_from_tree(global_motion_types_encodings,
                       av1_global_motion_types_tree);
#endif  // CONFIG_GLOBAL_MOTION
#if CONFIG_LOOP_RESTORATION
  av1_tokens_from_tree(switchable_restore_encodings,
                       av1_switchable_restore_tree);
#endif  // CONFIG_LOOP_RESTORATION

#if CONFIG_EC_MULTISYMBOL
  /* This hack is necessary when CONFIG_DUAL_FILTER is enabled because the five
      SWITCHABLE_FILTERS are not consecutive, e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, when doing
      an in-order traversal of the av1_switchable_interp_tree structure. */
  av1_indices_from_tree(av1_switchable_interp_ind, av1_switchable_interp_inv,
                        SWITCHABLE_FILTERS, av1_switchable_interp_tree);
/* This hack is necessary because the four TX_TYPES are not consecutive,
    e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, when doing an in-order traversal of the av1_ext_tx_tree
    structure. */
#if !CONFIG_EXT_TX
  av1_indices_from_tree(av1_ext_tx_ind, av1_ext_tx_inv, TX_TYPES,
                        av1_ext_tx_tree);
#endif
  av1_indices_from_tree(av1_intra_mode_ind, av1_intra_mode_inv, INTRA_MODES,
                        av1_intra_mode_tree);
  av1_indices_from_tree(av1_inter_mode_ind, av1_inter_mode_inv, INTER_MODES,
                        av1_inter_mode_tree);
#endif
}

#if !CONFIG_EC_MULTISYMBOL
static void write_intra_mode(aom_writer *w, PREDICTION_MODE mode,
                             const aom_prob *probs) {
  av1_write_token(w, av1_intra_mode_tree, probs, &intra_mode_encodings[mode]);
}
#endif

#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
static void write_interintra_mode(aom_writer *w, INTERINTRA_MODE mode,
                                  const aom_prob *probs) {
  av1_write_token(w, av1_interintra_mode_tree, probs,
                  &interintra_mode_encodings[mode]);
}
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER

static void write_inter_mode(aom_writer *w, PREDICTION_MODE mode,
                             FRAME_CONTEXT *ec_ctx,
#if CONFIG_REF_MV && CONFIG_EXT_INTER
                             int is_compound,
#endif  // CONFIG_REF_MV && CONFIG_EXT_INTER
                             const int16_t mode_ctx) {
#if CONFIG_REF_MV
  const int16_t newmv_ctx = mode_ctx & NEWMV_CTX_MASK;
  const aom_prob newmv_prob = ec_ctx->newmv_prob[newmv_ctx];
#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
  aom_write(w, mode != NEWMV && mode != NEWFROMNEARMV, newmv_prob);

  if (!is_compound && (mode == NEWMV || mode == NEWFROMNEARMV))
    aom_write(w, mode == NEWFROMNEARMV, ec_ctx->new2mv_prob);

  if (mode != NEWMV && mode != NEWFROMNEARMV) {
#else
  aom_write(w, mode != NEWMV, newmv_prob);

  if (mode != NEWMV) {
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
    const int16_t zeromv_ctx = (mode_ctx >> ZEROMV_OFFSET) & ZEROMV_CTX_MASK;
    const aom_prob zeromv_prob = ec_ctx->zeromv_prob[zeromv_ctx];

    if (mode_ctx & (1 << ALL_ZERO_FLAG_OFFSET)) {
      assert(mode == ZEROMV);
      return;
    }

    aom_write(w, mode != ZEROMV, zeromv_prob);

    if (mode != ZEROMV) {
      int16_t refmv_ctx = (mode_ctx >> REFMV_OFFSET) & REFMV_CTX_MASK;
      aom_prob refmv_prob;

      if (mode_ctx & (1 << SKIP_NEARESTMV_OFFSET)) refmv_ctx = 6;
      if (mode_ctx & (1 << SKIP_NEARMV_OFFSET)) refmv_ctx = 7;
      if (mode_ctx & (1 << SKIP_NEARESTMV_SUB8X8_OFFSET)) refmv_ctx = 8;

      refmv_prob = ec_ctx->refmv_prob[refmv_ctx];
      aom_write(w, mode != NEARESTMV, refmv_prob);
    }
  }
#else
  assert(is_inter_mode(mode));
#if CONFIG_EC_MULTISYMBOL
  aom_write_symbol(w, av1_inter_mode_ind[INTER_OFFSET(mode)],
                   ec_ctx->inter_mode_cdf[mode_ctx], INTER_MODES);
#else
  {
    const aom_prob *const inter_probs = ec_ctx->inter_mode_probs[mode_ctx];
    av1_write_token(w, av1_inter_mode_tree, inter_probs,
                    &inter_mode_encodings[INTER_OFFSET(mode)]);
  }
#endif
#endif
}

#if CONFIG_REF_MV
static void write_drl_idx(const AV1_COMMON *cm, const MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi,
                          const MB_MODE_INFO_EXT *mbmi_ext, aom_writer *w) {
  uint8_t ref_frame_type = av1_ref_frame_type(mbmi->ref_frame);

  assert(mbmi->ref_mv_idx < 3);

  if (mbmi->mode == NEWMV) {
    int idx;
    for (idx = 0; idx < 2; ++idx) {
      if (mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_type] > idx + 1) {
        uint8_t drl_ctx =
            av1_drl_ctx(mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type], idx);
        aom_prob drl_prob = cm->fc->drl_prob[drl_ctx];

        aom_write(w, mbmi->ref_mv_idx != idx, drl_prob);
        if (mbmi->ref_mv_idx == idx) return;
      }
    }
    return;
  }

  if (mbmi->mode == NEARMV) {
    int idx;
    // TODO(jingning): Temporary solution to compensate the NEARESTMV offset.
    for (idx = 1; idx < 3; ++idx) {
      if (mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_type] > idx + 1) {
        uint8_t drl_ctx =
            av1_drl_ctx(mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_type], idx);
        aom_prob drl_prob = cm->fc->drl_prob[drl_ctx];

        aom_write(w, mbmi->ref_mv_idx != (idx - 1), drl_prob);
        if (mbmi->ref_mv_idx == (idx - 1)) return;
      }
    }
    return;
  }
}
#endif

#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
static void write_inter_compound_mode(AV1_COMMON *cm, aom_writer *w,
                                      PREDICTION_MODE mode,
                                      const int16_t mode_ctx) {
  const aom_prob *const inter_compound_probs =
      cm->fc->inter_compound_mode_probs[mode_ctx];

  assert(is_inter_compound_mode(mode));
  av1_write_token(w, av1_inter_compound_mode_tree, inter_compound_probs,
                  &inter_compound_mode_encodings[INTER_COMPOUND_OFFSET(mode)]);
}
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER

static void encode_unsigned_max(struct aom_write_bit_buffer *wb, int data,
                                int max) {
  aom_wb_write_literal(wb, data, get_unsigned_bits(max));
}

#if !CONFIG_EC_ADAPT
static void prob_diff_update(const aom_tree_index *tree,
                             aom_prob probs[/*n - 1*/],
                             const unsigned int counts[/*n - 1*/], int n,
                             int probwt, aom_writer *w) {
  int i;
  unsigned int branch_ct[32][2];

  // Assuming max number of probabilities <= 32
  assert(n <= 32);

  av1_tree_probs_from_distribution(tree, branch_ct, counts);
  for (i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i)
    av1_cond_prob_diff_update(w, &probs[i], branch_ct[i], probwt);
}
#endif

#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER || CONFIG_EXT_TX || !CONFIG_EC_ADAPT
static int prob_diff_update_savings(const aom_tree_index *tree,
                                    aom_prob probs[/*n - 1*/],
                                    const unsigned int counts[/*n - 1*/], int n,
                                    int probwt) {
  int i;
  unsigned int branch_ct[32][2];
  int savings = 0;

  // Assuming max number of probabilities <= 32
  assert(n <= 32);
  av1_tree_probs_from_distribution(tree, branch_ct, counts);
  for (i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
    savings +=
        av1_cond_prob_diff_update_savings(&probs[i], branch_ct[i], probwt);
  }
  return savings;
}
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER || CONFIG_EXT_TX || !CONFIG_EC_ADAPT

#if CONFIG_VAR_TX
static void write_tx_size_vartx(const AV1_COMMON *cm, const MACROBLOCKD *xd,
                                const MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi, TX_SIZE tx_size,
                                int depth, int blk_row, int blk_col,
                                aom_writer *w) {
  const int tx_row = blk_row >> 1;
  const int tx_col = blk_col >> 1;
  const int max_blocks_high = max_block_high(xd, mbmi->sb_type, 0);
  const int max_blocks_wide = max_block_wide(xd, mbmi->sb_type, 0);

  int ctx = txfm_partition_context(xd->above_txfm_context + tx_col,
                                   xd->left_txfm_context + tx_row,
                                   mbmi->sb_type, tx_size);

  if (blk_row >= max_blocks_high || blk_col >= max_blocks_wide) return;

  if (depth == MAX_VARTX_DEPTH) {
    txfm_partition_update(xd->above_txfm_context + tx_col,
                          xd->left_txfm_context + tx_row, tx_size, tx_size);
    return;
  }

  if (tx_size == mbmi->inter_tx_size[tx_row][tx_col]) {
    aom_write(w, 0, cm->fc->txfm_partition_prob[ctx]);
    txfm_partition_update(xd->above_txfm_context + tx_col,
                          xd->left_txfm_context + tx_row, tx_size, tx_size);
  } else {
    const TX_SIZE sub_txs = sub_tx_size_map[tx_size];
    const int bsl = tx_size_wide_unit[sub_txs];
    int i;

    aom_write(w, 1, cm->fc->txfm_partition_prob[ctx]);

    if (tx_size == TX_8X8) {
      txfm_partition_update(xd->above_txfm_context + tx_col,
                            xd->left_txfm_context + tx_row, sub_txs, tx_size);
      return;
    }

    assert(bsl > 0);
    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
      int offsetr = blk_row + (i >> 1) * bsl;
      int offsetc = blk_col + (i & 0x01) * bsl;
      write_tx_size_vartx(cm, xd, mbmi, sub_txs, depth + 1, offsetr, offsetc,
                          w);
    }
  }
}

static void update_txfm_partition_probs(AV1_COMMON *cm, aom_writer *w,
                                        FRAME_COUNTS *counts, int probwt) {
  int k;
  for (k = 0; k < TXFM_PARTITION_CONTEXTS; ++k)
    av1_cond_prob_diff_update(w, &cm->fc->txfm_partition_prob[k],
                              counts->txfm_partition[k], probwt);
}
#endif

static void write_selected_tx_size(const AV1_COMMON *cm, const MACROBLOCKD *xd,
                                   aom_writer *w) {
  const MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
  const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = mbmi->sb_type;
// For sub8x8 blocks the tx_size symbol does not need to be sent
#if CONFIG_CB4X4 && (CONFIG_VAR_TX || CONFIG_RECT_TX)
#if CONFIG_RECT_TX
  if (bsize > BLOCK_4X4) {
#else
  if (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8 || (bsize > BLOCK_4X4 && is_inter_block(mbmi))) {
#endif  // CONFIG_RECT_TX
#else
  if (bsize >= BLOCK_8X8) {
#endif
    const TX_SIZE tx_size = mbmi->tx_size;
    const int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
    const int tx_size_ctx = get_tx_size_context(xd);
    const int tx_size_cat = is_inter ? inter_tx_size_cat_lookup[bsize]
                                     : intra_tx_size_cat_lookup[bsize];
    const TX_SIZE coded_tx_size = txsize_sqr_up_map[tx_size];
    const int depth = tx_size_to_depth(coded_tx_size);
#if CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX
    assert(IMPLIES(is_rect_tx(tx_size), is_rect_tx_allowed(xd, mbmi)));
    assert(
        IMPLIES(is_rect_tx(tx_size), tx_size == max_txsize_rect_lookup[bsize]));
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX && CONFIG_RECT_TX

#if CONFIG_EC_MULTISYMBOL
    aom_write_symbol(w, depth, cm->fc->tx_size_cdf[tx_size_cat][tx_size_ctx],
                     tx_size_cat + 2);
#else
    av1_write_token(w, av1_tx_size_tree[tx_size_cat],
                    cm->fc->tx_size_probs[tx_size_cat][tx_size_ctx],
                    &tx_size_encodings[tx_size_cat][depth]);
#endif
  }
}

#if CONFIG_REF_MV
static void update_inter_mode_probs(AV1_COMMON *cm, aom_writer *w,
                                    FRAME_COUNTS *counts) {
  int i;
#if CONFIG_TILE_GROUPS
  const int probwt = cm->num_tg;
#else
  const int probwt = 1;
#endif
  for (i = 0; i < NEWMV_MODE_CONTEXTS; ++i)
    av1_cond_prob_diff_update(w, &cm->fc->newmv_prob[i], counts->newmv_mode[i],
                              probwt);
  for (i = 0; i < ZEROMV_MODE_CONTEXTS; ++i)
    av1_cond_prob_diff_update(w, &cm->fc->zeromv_prob[i],
                              counts->zeromv_mode[i], probwt);
  for (i = 0; i < REFMV_MODE_CONTEXTS; ++i)
    av1_cond_prob_diff_update(w, &cm->fc->refmv_prob[i], counts->refmv_mode[i],
                              probwt);
  for (i = 0; i < DRL_MODE_CONTEXTS; ++i)
    av1_cond_prob_diff_update(w, &cm->fc->drl_prob[i], counts->drl_mode[i],
                              probwt);
#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
  av1_cond_prob_diff_update(w, &cm->fc->new2mv_prob, counts->new2mv_mode,
                            probwt);
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER
}
#endif

#if CONFIG_EXT_INTER
static void update_inter_compound_mode_probs(AV1_COMMON *cm, int probwt,
                                             aom_writer *w) {
  const int savings_thresh = av1_cost_one(GROUP_DIFF_UPDATE_PROB) -
                             av1_cost_zero(GROUP_DIFF_UPDATE_PROB);
  int i;
  int savings = 0;
  int do_update = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < INTER_MODE_CONTEXTS; ++i) {
    savings += prob_diff_update_savings(
        av1_inter_compound_mode_tree, cm->fc->inter_compound_mode_probs[i],
        cm->counts.inter_compound_mode[i], INTER_COMPOUND_MODES, probwt);
  }
  do_update = savings > savings_thresh;
  aom_write(w, do_update, GROUP_DIFF_UPDATE_PROB);
  if (do_update) {
    for (i = 0; i < INTER_MODE_CONTEXTS; ++i) {
      prob_diff_update(
          av1_inter_compound_mode_tree, cm->fc->inter_compound_mode_probs[i],
          cm->counts.inter_compound_mode[i], INTER_COMPOUND_MODES, probwt, w);
    }
  }
}
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_INTER

static int write_skip(const AV1_COMMON *cm, const MACROBLOCKD *xd,
                      int segment_id, const MODE_INFO *mi, aom_writer *w) {
  if (segfeature_active(&cm->seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_SKIP)) {
    return 1;
  } else {
    const int skip = mi->mbmi.skip;
    aom_write(w, skip, av1_get_skip_prob(cm, xd));
    return skip;
  }
}

#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
static void write_motion_mode(const AV1_COMMON *cm, const MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi,
                              aom_writer *w) {
  MOTION_MODE last_motion_mode_allowed = motion_mode_allowed(mbmi);

  if (last_motion_mode_allowed == SIMPLE_TRANSLATION) return;
#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR && CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
  if (last_motion_mode_allowed == OBMC_CAUSAL) {
    aom_write(w, mbmi->motion_mode == OBMC_CAUSAL,
              cm->fc->obmc_prob[mbmi->sb_type]);
  } else {
#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR && CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
    av1_write_token(w, av1_motion_mode_tree,
                    cm->fc->motion_mode_prob[mbmi->sb_type],
                    &motion_mode_encodings[mbmi->motion_mode]);
#if CONFIG_MOTION_VAR && CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
  }
#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR && CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION
}
#endif  // CONFIG_MOTION_VAR || CONFIG_WARPED_MOTION

#if CONFIG_DELTA_Q
static void write_delta_qindex(const AV1_COMMON *cm, int delta_qindex,
                               aom_writer *w) {
  int sign = delta_qindex < 0;
  int abs = sign ? -delta_qindex : delta_qindex;
  int rem_bits, thr, i = 0;
  int smallval = abs < DELTA_Q_SMALL ? 1 : 0;

  while (i < DELTA_Q_SMALL && i <= abs) {
    int bit = (i < abs);
    aom_write(w, bit, cm->fc->delta_q_prob[i]);
    i++;
  }

  if (!smallval) {
    rem_bits = OD_ILOG_NZ(abs - 1) - 1;
    thr = (1 << rem_bits) + 1;
    aom_write_literal(w, rem_bits, 3);
    aom_write_literal(w, abs - thr, rem_bits);
  }
  if (abs > 0) {
    aom_write_bit(w, sign);
  }
}

static void update_delta_q_probs(AV1_COMMON *cm, aom_writer *w,
                                 FRAME_COUNTS *counts) {
  int k;
#if CONFIG_TILE_GROUPS
  const int probwt = cm->num_tg;
#else
  const int probwt = 1;
#endif
  for (k = 0; k < DELTA_Q_PROBS; ++k) {
    av1_cond_prob_diff_update(w, &cm->fc->delta_q_prob[k], counts->delta_q[k],
                              probwt);
  }
}
#endif

static void update_skip_probs(AV1_COMMON *cm, aom_writer *w,
                              FRAME_COUNTS *counts) {
  int k;
#if CONFIG_TILE_GROUPS
  const int probwt = cm->num_tg;
#else
  const int probwt = 1;
#endif
  for (k = 0; k < SKIP_CONTEXTS; ++k) {
    av1_cond_prob_diff_update(w, &cm->fc->skip_probs[k], counts->skip[k],
                              probwt);
  }
}

#if !CONFIG_EC_ADAPT
static void update_switchable_interp_probs(AV1_COMMON *cm, aom_writer *w,
                                           FRAME_COUNTS *counts) {
  int j;
  for (j = 0; j < SWITCHABLE_FILTER_CONTEXTS; ++j) {
#if CONFIG_TILE_GROUPS
    const int probwt = cm->num_tg;
#else
    const int probwt = 1;
#endif
    prob_diff_update(
        av1_switchable_interp_tree, cm->fc->switchable_interp_prob[j],
        counts->switchable_interp[j], SWITCHABLE_FILTERS, probwt, w);
  }
}
#endif

#if CONFIG_EXT_TX
static void update_ext_tx_probs(AV1_COMMON *cm, aom_writer *w) {
  const int savings_thresh = av1_cost_one(GROUP_DIFF_UPDATE_PROB) -
                             av1_cost_zero(GROUP_DIFF_UPDATE_PROB);
  int i, j;
  int s;
#if CONFIG_TILE_GROUPS
  const int probwt = cm->num_tg;
#else
  const int probwt = 1;
#endif
  for (s = 1; s < EXT_TX_SETS_INTER; ++s) {
    int savings = 0;
    int do_update = 0;
    for (i = TX_4X4; i < EXT_TX_SIZES; ++i) {
      if (!use_inter_ext_tx_for_txsize[s][i]) continue;
      savings += prob_diff_update_savings(
          av1_ext_tx_inter_tree[s], cm->fc->inter_ext_tx_prob[s][i],
          cm->counts.inter_ext_tx[s][i],
          num_ext_tx_set[ext_tx_set_type_inter[s]], probwt);
    }
    do_update = savings > savings_thresh;
    aom_write(w, do_update, GROUP_DIFF_UPDATE_PROB);
    if (do_update) {
      for (i = TX_4X4; i < EXT_TX_SIZES; ++i) {
        if (!use_inter_ext_tx_for_txsize[s][i]) continue;
        prob_diff_update(av1_ext_tx_inter_tree[s],
                         cm->fc->inter_ext_tx_prob[s][i],
                         cm->counts.inter_ext_tx[s][i],
                         num_ext_tx_set[ext_tx_set_type_inter[s]], probwt, w);
      }
    }
  }

  for (s = 1; s < EXT_TX_SETS_INTRA; ++s) {
    int savings = 0;
    int do_update = 0;
    for (i = TX_4X4; i < EXT_TX_SIZES; ++i) {
      if (!use_intra_ext_tx_for_txsize[s][i]) continue;
      for (j = 0; j < INTRA_MODES; ++j)
        savings += prob_diff_update_savings(
            av1_ext_tx_intra_tree[s], cm->fc->intra_ext_tx_prob[s][i][j],
            cm->counts.intra_ext_tx[s][i][j],
            num_ext_tx_set[ext_tx_set_type_intra[s]], probwt);
    }
    do_update = savings > savings_thresh;
    aom_write(w, do_update, GROUP_DIFF_UPDATE_PROB);
    if (do_update) {
      for (i = TX_4X4; i < EXT_TX_SIZES; ++i) {
        if (!use_intra_ext_tx_for_txsize[s][i]) continue;
        for (j = 0; j < INTRA_MODES; ++j)
          prob_diff_update(av1_ext_tx_intra_tree[s],
                           cm->fc->intra_ext_tx_prob[s][i][j],
                           cm->counts.intra_ext_tx[s][i][j],
                           num_ext_tx_set[ext_tx_set_type_intra[s]], probwt, w);
      }
    }
  }
}

#else
#if !CONFIG_EC_ADAPT
static void update_ext_tx_probs(AV1_COMMON *cm, aom_writer *w) {
  const int savings_thresh = av1_cost_one(GROUP_DIFF_UPDATE_PROB) -
                             av1_cost_zero(GROUP_DIFF_UPDATE_PROB);
  int i, j;

  int savings = 0;
  int do_update = 0;
#if CONFIG_TILE_GROUPS
  const int probwt = cm->num_tg;
#else
  const int probwt = 1;
#endif
  for (i = TX_4X4; i < EXT_TX_SIZES; ++i) {
    for (j = 0; j < TX_TYPES; ++j)
      savings += prob_diff_update_savings(
          av1_ext_tx_tree, cm->fc->intra_ext_tx_prob[i][j],
          cm->counts.intra_ext_tx[i][j], TX_TYPES, probwt);
  }
  do_update = savings > savings_thresh;
  aom_write(w, do_update, GROUP_DIFF_UPDATE_PROB);
  if (do_update) {
    for (i = TX_4X4; i < EXT_TX_SIZES; ++i) {
      for (j = 0; j < TX_TYPES; ++j) {
        prob_diff_update(av1_ext_tx_tree, cm->fc->intra_ext_tx_prob[i][j],
                         cm->counts.intra_ext_tx[i][j], TX_TYPES, probwt, w);
      }
    }
  }

  savings = 0;
  for (i = TX_4X4; i < EXT_TX_SIZES; ++i) {
    savings +=
        prob_diff_update_savings(av1_ext_tx_tree, cm->fc->inter_ext_tx_prob[i],
                                 cm->counts.inter_ext_tx[i], TX_TYPES, probwt);
  }
  do_update = savings > savings_thresh;
  aom_write(w, do_update, GROUP_DIFF_UPDATE_PROB);
  if (do_update) {
    for (i = TX_4X4; i < EXT_TX_SIZES; ++i) {
      prob_diff_update(av1_ext_tx_tree, cm->fc->inter_ext_tx_prob[i],
                       cm->counts.inter_ext_tx[i], TX_TYPES, probwt, w);
    }
  }
}
#endif  // CONFIG_EXT_TX
#endif
#if CONFIG_PALETTE
static void pack_palette_tokens(aom_writer *w, const TOKENEXTRA **tp, int n,
                                int num) {
  int i;
  const TOKENEXTRA *p = *tp;

  for (i = 0; i < num; ++i) {