Adds specialized O(N*log(K)) versions of cwrsi() and O(N) versions of icwrs()
 for N={3,4,5}, which allows them to operate all the way up to the theoretical
 pulse limit without serious performance degredation.
Also substantially reduces the computation time and stack usage of
 get_required_bits().
On x86-64, this gives a 2% speed-up for 256 sample frames, and almost a 16%
 speed-up for 64 sample frames.